Sitting System For People Health And Social Care Essay

Proper presenting positions are differed, it relies upon action taken ; working at a work area, registering machine, driving or eating. Notwithstanding, these activities have an equivalent guideline to concern: steady and comfortable. Human sitting is awry and dynamic, when Sitters feel non comfortable with their seats they will prepare themselves. What's more, ever has invariable movement no less than each 5-10 proceedingss to reduce the power per unit territory on the contact focuses, keep away from awful pushing on any part of the natural structure until cause hurt.1.3.1 Biomechanics of sitingBiomechanics uses the Torahs of Physicss and the develops of Engineering to delineate the motion planned by grouped natural structure areas and the powers proceeding onward these them ( Chaffin and Andresson, 1984 ) . Suitable presenting positions are differed, it relies upon action which taken ; working at a work area, figuring machine, driving or eating. Be that as it may, fit sitting spot in biomechanics is the equalization of powers and minutes. balance plane1.bmp F = Force M = Moment Parity of powers and minutes in all planes Biomechanics has stressed the connection between the natural structure ‘s Center of power per unit territory ( COP ) and its Center of mass ( COM ) . The COM is a point likeness the whole natural structure mass and is the heavy standard of the COM of every natural structure area in all planes while the COP relates to the point of use of the power under the nation of contact with the spot surface ( Lacoste et al. , 2006 ) . So as to equilibrate the natural structure over a steady sitting base, the COM is straight over the sitting base. Solidness of sitting position can better when the nation of contact between the natural structure and the help surface are expanded. The relationship of the stableness with nation of contact and powers is following: Security Along these lines expanding the size of the base of help will build the stableness ( Ham et al. , 1998 ) . For some postural mutations, the nation of the help base is diminished along these lines the stableness is improved by expansion the help nation, for example, providing the chest bolster bole support or buffering on the seating. The equalization of sitting empowers the correct structure or position of spinal. In sidelong position, coalition of spinal is looked fairly S-structure. The key of stable base is the pelvic support. In the essential of typical representing, the pelvic support is focused and pivots rearward as a result of the strained quality in hamstrings ( back thigh musculuss ) . For maximal stableness and negligible musculus endeavor when keeping an unsloped position ( each piece same as in the erect standing spot ) , the Center of mass of the upper natural structure ought to be kept up over the ischeal tubercles ( Zacharkow, 1984 ) balance plane2.bmp The contact purposes of the situated position are ischial tubercles, thighs and pess. By providing support through the thighs, legs and pess, power per unit zone is decreased over the ischial tubercles. The thighs are corresponding to one another and in the normal spot. For the ground that thigh musculuss range the hip and articulatio class, the evaluation of hip flexure and knee augmentation on the seating ought to be stayed away from to pull of hamstrings. A maximum restriction of 100 evaluations of hip flexure and 105 evaluations of articulatio class expansion is exhorted ( Mayall and Desharnais, 1995 ) . The pelvic support pivots to some degree forward advances flexure of the lower dorsum or lumbar empty back. It will be bended inward to the forepart to back up the heaviness of the upper segment: bole, weaponries and caput. Be that as it may, for the individuals with physical disablements who are deficient in postural capacity and postural dissymmetries can other than take to orthopedic mutations, awkwardness, diminished physiologic maps, mental self portrait, and personal satisfaction ( Trefler et al. , 1993 ) . Thusly, clients with an engine incapacity need a seating which can balance for the stableness what's more back up the practical and postural capacity that every individual has. There are numerous approaches to portray the variety of siting frameworks for individuals with physical disablements. Notwithstanding, in this overview, the seating framework will be classified by 3 qualities of the seat as appeared in table Twenty.Siting framework for individuals with physical disablementsFeatureCategorizationFunctional of using Wheelchair Specific seating Start of vitality Manual Force Highlight of voyaging Unbending Dynamic1.3.2 Wheelchair populationA wheelchair is one of the most well-known gadgets used to help clients who have restricted capacities to walk or travel. The wheelchair client populace incorporates children, adults, and matured people. There are numerous justification for their disablements: birth abandons ( kids who have movement upsets ) , mishaps ( a hurt to legs or the spinal segment, which controls leg movement ) , ailment maladies and mature age. Fitting to Wheelchair establishment, â€Å" more than 100 million individuals with physical disablements overall need wheelchairs. It is evaluated that the figure of individuals who need wheelchairs will increment by 22 for every centum over the accompanying 10 mature ages, with the best interest bing in creating states † ( Behring. , 2009 ) . In UK, there are an expected 10 million impeded individuals, around 20 % of populace ( Office for National Statistics, 2010 ; Statisticss, 2008 ) and 5 % of individuals with disablement are an engine harm ( NHS, 2004 ; Wray, 2005 ) . The extent of wheelchair populace augmentations with age. Separate into three age gatherings: kids under 18 mature ages old enough, adult 18-64 twelvemonth and matured 65 and more established, the most noteworthy rates are found among the matured populace so working age and non numerous in kids. There are various wellbeing conditions and harms doing an individual interest to use wheelchair and these grounds are assorted in various age gathering of clients. In table Twenty shows the wellbeing conditions and harms revealed as the central reason for utilitarian or movement limitation. Stroke 11.1 % Joint pain 10.4 % Numerous induration 5.0 % Nonappearance lower extremity 3.7 % Paraplegia 3.6 % Orthopedic lower member 3.6 % Coronary illness 3.3 % Cerebral loss of motion 3.1 % Rheumatoid joint pain 3.0 % Diabetess 2.4 % ( LaPlante et al. , 2009 ) Manual seating framework is simply the seat that needs impeling by clients or wellbeing experts. The clients of manual wheelchairs all around have lower extremity coming up short, paralysis, or removal doing strolling uncertain or hard, best case scenario. They may incorporate people with spinal rope harms, one-sided loss of motion and different kinds of paralysis, various induration, scholarly loss of motion, spina bifida, joint pain, and lower appendage removals. Ordinarily, the client is a paraplegic or quadriparetic person who wants to physically induce himself each piece much as feasible for the practicing and following health benefits. For the wheelchair subordinate person who needs to affect by their ain, the most widely recognized nation of musculoskeletal is the shoulder. This is on the grounds that clients regularly have over-burden on their upper natural structures to turn the wheels of the wheelchairs. In 2008, Desroches et Al. distributed a paper in which they contemplated the connection between the effectivity of the chaperon power at the handrims and the mechanical weight by the net shoulder minutes. They found that more power requests are more at danger of shoulder harms on the land that overexploitation. Moreover, elbows, carpuss and guardianships are other than harmed on the grounds that they are non intended to get by with the unshakable contact with the wheelchair pushrims. This continuous relentless weight might be one of the potential reasons for the frequency of carpal passage disorder. Fueled wheelchair hypothetical records are constrained by the client ‘s manus with a little control stick. Clients who incapable to use a manus for moving and control might be fit for an oral depression control or breath control gadget. These force wheelchairs are a lot more secure to run with a processing machine incident. Notwithstanding, genuine mishaps here and there come about because of feeling or figuring machine framework disappointments. ( N.I.R.E. , 2004 ) . The disappointments might be slippery 1s non perceived by clients. Else, they can be in the signifier of an abrupt, startling whole disappointment of the wheelchair figuring machine framework, which may follow in a mishap when occurring at a basic clip.1.3.3 Particular SeatingParticular seating intended for individuals with physical disablements considers requests like period of advancement, disablements and different surprises. At a similar clasp, should see as position, power per unit region and solace. The vers atility and position occupations that engine hindrance individuals face might be because of muscle failings, musculus insecurities and cramp or hapless esthesis. There are numerous reason for their disablements like birth abandons ( kids who have movement upsets ) , mishaps ( a hurt to legs or the spinal section, which controls leg movement ) , illness ailments and mature age. Siting is a work of complex organizing of human developments. The type of the pelvic support is temperamental essentially in sitting spot. It can non be kept stable without the collaboration of natural structure musculus and appendages. In add-on, a legitimate plan of constituents, for example, place backrest, armrest, footstool, and so forth , is support stableness in the sitting spot and the solace of the spot. First and the chief for impeded presenting is the significance of stable presenting, it is accomplished if there is an equalization of powers and minutes in all planes ( Letts, 1991 ) . A temperamental sitting non only makes upper natural structure hard to order balance yet alongside non keep the great spot of physiology. A specific spot base with a back help can be utilized which would helps the patient who is being situated for active recuperation. The backings are produced using stuffs, for example, plyboard, foam and polymer. These stuffs offer postural help and ease the

Coodner Brothers, Inc. free essay sample

Salesmen should just have the entrance to get buy orders - The organization ought to have the obligations of buying, transporting, bookkeeping, controlling of stock discrete. For the most part in the wake of getting buying request, the slips of detail of request ought to be sent to transportation division and bookkeeping office. †¢Lack of physical shields - Usage of cameras, locks or protections to ensure inventories. 4. Other than Woody Robinson, what different gatherings were in any event somewhat liable for the stock misfortunes Goodner suffered?Defend your answer. †¢T. J. also, Ross Goodner were mostly liable for it†They are the CEO and COO of the organization. They depended vigorously on the genuineness and trustworthiness of representatives they recruited instead of depending on inner controls. It is their obligations to keep up a proficient and solid organization structure so as to limit the danger of inadequacies. The control condition of an association is fundamentally impacted by the adequacy of its top managerial staff. We will compose a custom exposition test on Coodner Brothers, Inc. or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page

Our Essay Questions

Our Essay Questions Update: this list is no longer accurate as of 8/18/2015. But the underlying philosophy remains the same. The Common Application opened today, effectively inaugurating another college admissions cycle. Now, as readers of this blog likely know, MIT does not use the Common App. Instead, for a variety of reasons, we use our own application, hosted locally at MyMIT. One of the differences between the Common App and the MIT application is that we dont prompt for a single, longform essay. Instead, we ask our applicants to provide short (100-250 word) answers to five questions. They are very simple, very straightforward, and this year, they go something like this: We know you lead a busy life, full of activities, many of which are required of you. Tell us about something you do simply for the pleasure of it. Although you may not yet know what you want to major in, which department or program at MIT appeals to you and why? What attribute of your personality are you most proud of, and how has it impacted your life so far? This could be your creativity, effective leadership, sense of humor, integrity, or anything else youd like to tell us about. Describe the world you come from; for example, your family, clubs, school, community, city, or town. How has that world shaped your dreams and aspirations? Tell us about the most significant challenge youve faced or something important that didnt go according to plan. How did you manage the situation? Now, Im on record as saying that the college essay is often one of the most overthought components of an application, so please dont spend too much time (over)thinking these questions or your answers to them. However, I also know that many of you will be very busy with your academics and activities this fall, and you may want to start thinking about the answers to these questions with the comparative free time you may have during the summer, so I wanted to share these with you. When and how you work on these essays is up to you! My only advice is to read Chris S. 11s excellent post Show, Dont Tell! (the College Essay, Pt. 2) from a few years back before you do so. Its a terrific guide to expressing yourself well in our essays. Good luck and happy writing! Post Tagged #admissions essay

History Term 2 Paper - 1825 Words

Yalta Conference The Yalta conference took place on February 1945, in a Russian resort town in Crimea, which was recently annexed by Russia in 2014. However the before the conference took place there was tension building up between the Allies and the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union was an ally with Germany for 2 years when they signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact; â€Å"this led the west to believe Stalin was cynical, opportunistic, power hungry, expansionist† (lecture, 1/8/16). It also took the allies a while to open up a western front, and this angered Stalin as the Soviet unions causalities kept on mounting. The conference was attended by the big three, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin and U.S. President†¦show more content†¦A series of unrest between nations created tension between the main European powers, Germany, Britain, France, and Russia, which ultimately led to WWI. In early society there was very little interaction between people and state. Peo ple were more or less born into their social classes; there was not much of a legal system. Before the French revolution there really was no sense of national identity, however after the revolution people were able to forget the pain of the revolution as Ernest Renan himself had put it. â€Å"Forgetting, I would even go so far as to say historical error, is a crucial factor in the creation of a nation, which is why progress in historical studies often constitutes a danger for [the principle of] nationality† (Renan). Napoleon improved the lives of daily citizens through his civil code or later known as the Napoleonic code. The civil code, which dealt only with the rights and relationships of private individuals, was the first and most powerful of six law codes promulgated by Napoleon† (textbook, 639). This was a major step in closing the gap between state and individuals. Governments started to create better living situations for its citizens. 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The Use Of Personal And Interpersonal Space - 772 Words

In order for a counselor to be effective in working with a wide range of clients, they must be effective communicators. Communication involves not only verbal communication but also nonverbal. Nonverbal communication can often send a stronger message then the actual words spoken. It’s important for counselors to remember that each culture and person for that matter, may have their own interpretation of nonverbal communication. Counselors should keep in mind that communication rules and behaviors are not universal. Counselors who assume communication rules are universal, risk causing unintentional harm to their clients(Sue Sue,2013). Proxemics, refers to the use of personal and interpersonal space (Sue Sue, 2013, p.214). The amount of space a person has between them and another communicates certain messages. This is another area that counselors want to be cautious about making assumptions. There are no universal rules when it comes to proxemics. 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The Aging Musculoskeletal System Free Essays

The Aging Musculoskeletal System Crysany Arroyo GE 258 ITT Technical Institute Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a disease that is described by low bone mass and loss of bone tissue basically thinning of the bones that lead to weak and fragile bones. Bones are always in a state of changing where new bone tissues are replacing the old bone tissue in order to keep the strength. It affects men and women but it is usually a disease that affects mostly women. We will write a custom essay sample on The Aging Musculoskeletal System or any similar topic only for you Order Now However when someone is diagnosed with osteoporosis it means that the bone tissue and mass is not replaced as fast with new bone tissue which is one factor of osteoporosis. Another factor that causes osteoporosis is a deficiency in estrogen which typically occurs in menopause causing low bone density because of the drop of estrogen. The probable effects on an everyday life of an 84- year old thin white female maybe critical. Since the bones become so thin and have low bone density, a minor fall can cause a fracture. Osteoarthritis Of all bone deficiencies osteoarthritis is the most common. It typically comes with aging and wearing of the joints. The joints have a protective cartilage(cushion that separates the joint from the bone) on the end of your bones that once you get older wears down damaging the joints. It affects both men and women. Generally before the age of 45 it affects men and affects women normally after the age of 55. The causes of the osteoarthritis are not due to injury or wear and tear of the joint although can have an increase in the severity but mostly has to do with the natural aging of the joint. It mostly affects the hands, feet, knees and hips. In an 84 year old thin white female osteoarthritis can be painful. Stiffness is a symptom of osteoarthritis which cause pain after inactivity of the joint after a period of time. Muscular Atrophy Muscular atrophy unlike the other diseases I’ve mentioned is specifically targeted at the muscles. It is a disorder that causes progressive deterioration and weakness of the muscles. There are different types of muscular atrophy. There are 3 types that affect children before they turn 1. The most severe of them all occurs before birth, around 30-36 weeks of pregnancy which is called Type 0. The other two types I and II which affect that child at birth or around the first few months. In adults there are two types. Those types are the Finkel type and Type IV which usually affect adults after age 30. Muscular atrophy occurs generally with age, however it can also be caused by injury, birth defects, stroke. Spinal cord injury and sometimes can occur due to osteoarthritis. An 84- year old white, thin small boned white female with muscular atrophy can have back pain, walking problems, and limited range of motion which are some of the many symptoms of the disease. References 1. What is osteoporosis and can it be treated? (2011, Nov 09). Liverpool Echo, pp. 22. http://search. proquest. com/docview/902777135? accountid=27655 2. What causes osteoporosis?. (2010). Osteoporosis: A Guide to Prevention amp; Treatment (2010), 5. 3. What you should know about osteoarthritis. (2012). American Family Physician, 85(1), 57-58 4. Ask dr. H: What causes osteoarthritis? (2012, Feb 27). Press of Atlantic City, pp. n/a. http://search. proquest. com/docview/923715946? accountid=27655 5. â€Å"spinal muscular atrophy† A Dictionary of Biomedicine. Oxford University Press Inc. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. ITT Educational Services. 27 April 2012 lt;http://www. oxfordreference. com/views/ENTRY. html? subview=Mainamp;entry=t312. e8720gt; 6. Spinal muscular atrophy: What it is and how to cope. (2008, ). New York Amsterdam News, pp. 37-37. http://search. proquest. com/docview/390101328? accountid=27655 How to cite The Aging Musculoskeletal System, Papers

Comparative Catcher in The Rye vs. Igby Go Essay Example For Students

Comparative Catcher in The Rye vs. Igby Go Essay es DownComparative EssayThe Catcher In The Rye by J.D. Salinger and Igby Goes Down by Burr Steers are both displayed as rites of passage texts. The respective protagonists of these two texts are Igby Slocumb and Holden Caulfield. These two characters are both on a journey motif, a journey of self discovery in which they both attempt to find meaning in life and understand societies values and attitudes. The two protagonists demonstrate non-conformity and rebel against the apparent hypocrisy present in their respective societies. Hypocrisy can be defined as the difference between illusion and reality, in accordance to society it can be seen as people who are not who they appear to be, people who apply a facade. This hypocrisy is present in schools, families, and in peoples values and relationships. Igbys non-conformist behaviour is evident through his values and beliefs, his appearance, wardrobe and lighting present whilst viewing the text. Whereas Holdens rebellion is demonstrated thr ough symbolism throughout the text, stream of consciousness and his ideals. Holden and Igby are both on existential journeys, in which they desire to find their place in society. The hypocrisy present in the corresponding texts of The Catcher In The Rye and Igby Goes Down is manifested through Holdens ideals and Igbys values and beliefs. The language of Igby clearly reveals how he feels towards the concept of hypocrisy, he despises it. Holden loathes people who he says are phony or fake. Igbys hate of hypocrisy can be exhibited through this quote The captain of the morality team invites his chic to the same party as his wife and then later on embrace your moral hypocrisy, D.H., go for it.. D.H. is Igbys godfather/father and is often seen as Igbys lifeline back into society, D.H. is presented as a wealthy, honest and hard-working man but this is just a facade which Igby peals away to reveal the true form of D.H., a fake. These two quotations confirm the way Igby detests the hypocrisy of society, this time evident in a relationship. Holden displays his hate for hypocrisy by the way he is forever commenting on how people are phony and how they put on a facade. T here are many instances in which Holden explores his animosity towards phonies, for instance he often comments on why the people are applauding a musical performance and cannot understand why people would desire to be actors. In a way Holden is hypocritical himself. Holden says Im the most terrific liar you ever saw in your life. Its awful. If Im on my way to the store to buy a magazine, even, and somebody asks me where Im going, Im liable to say Im going to the opera. Its terrible. By Holden admitting to his lying habits, he provides the responder with reason to believe that he applies a facade by expressing false pretences. This quotation also provides the audience with reason to think that Holden is not mentally healthy; this literary technique is called foreshadowing. The rebellious attitudes demonstrated by both Holden and Igby represent their attitudes to the concept of hypocrisy. Igby and Holden have similar values and beliefs which reject this idea of illuding reality. Holde n rejects all materialistic value and success which corroborates with Igbys attitudes in rejecting the American Dream in which his Godfather, D.H., has achieved. Neither of these two characters view, so called success, the way that the rest of society does. Another aspect of the respective texts is how the two protagonists display their individuality in order to separate themselves from everyone else, they desire to be unique. This perception of reality is articulated through the symbolism in The Catcher In The Rye and the wardrobe and lighting features utilised throughout the movie Igby Goes Down. Holdens red hunting hat becomes inseparable from the image of Holden. This hat is perceived as a symbol of his uniqueness and personality. The hat is outlandish, and it shows that Holden desires to be different from everyone around him. At the same time, he is very self-conscious about the hat. He always mentions when he is wearing it, and he often doesnt wear it if he is going to be around people he knows. The presence of this red hunting hat mirrors the central idea present in the text. Holdens need for alienation versus his need for companionship, which in a sense is a paradoxical statement, as in order to achieve acceptance through compan ionship, isolation of ones self must be eliminated. Another key symbol in The Catcher In The Rye is the museum of natural history. Holden mentions how he loves the museum and subconsciously desires society to mirror the ideals of this museum. This is present through the quote The best thing, though, in that museum was that everything always stayed right where it was. Nobodyd move. . . . Nobodyd be different. The only thing that would be different would be you.. The responder, earlier in the novel, has already experienced that Holden cant deal with conflict, confusion, and change. The museum presents him with a vision of life he can understand, a life that is frozen, silent, and always the same. The museum is perceived as Holdens safe haven from hypocrisy and criticism. What is witnessed in the museum is factual and does not illude reality; Holden enjoys visiting the museum because it is in no way deceiving reality. The parallel to this in Igby Goes Down is how the lighting and wardr obe identify Igby to the audience. The use of the scarf always worn around Igbys neck is the equivalent to Holdens red hunting hat, both apparel demonstrate the uniqueness of the two characters central to the texts. One major scene in Igby Goes Down is where Rachel meets D.H. in a cafe. Rachel is dressed differently and the lighting projected on her is also altered. She dresses in white and dresses as more of a wife figure in an attempt for D.H. to accept her as more than his chic, the lighting focused on Rachel is also significant as it is increased to create a glow around her. The significance of Rachel wearing white is that it is a sign of purity and goodness. The hypocrisy in this scene comes when D.H. rejects the new way Rachel presents herself, Rachel presented herself as a female parallel to D.H. but D.H. rejects this new image and in doing so rejects all that he stands for. The rebellion to the ideal of deceit and hypocrisy is presented through the ways in which Holden and I gby define their individuality and do not conform to societys values. .u4bfce9de693a6133afeaea6548257688 , .u4bfce9de693a6133afeaea6548257688 .postImageUrl , .u4bfce9de693a6133afeaea6548257688 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4bfce9de693a6133afeaea6548257688 , .u4bfce9de693a6133afeaea6548257688:hover , .u4bfce9de693a6133afeaea6548257688:visited , .u4bfce9de693a6133afeaea6548257688:active { border:0!important; } .u4bfce9de693a6133afeaea6548257688 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4bfce9de693a6133afeaea6548257688 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4bfce9de693a6133afeaea6548257688:active , .u4bfce9de693a6133afeaea6548257688:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4bfce9de693a6133afeaea6548257688 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4bfce9de693a6133afeaea6548257688 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4bfce9de693a6133afeaea6548257688 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4bfce9de693a6133afeaea6548257688 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4bfce9de693a6133afeaea6548257688:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4bfce9de693a6133afeaea6548257688 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4bfce9de693a6133afeaea6548257688 .u4bfce9de693a6133afeaea6548257688-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4bfce9de693a6133afeaea6548257688:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Academic Accomplishments EssayThirdly Igby and Holden are both seen as mentally unstable people, as they grew up in a chaotic environment, due to this abnormality, present in The Catcher In The Rye comes the literary narrative style called stream of consciousness. This means, in literary terms, a technique that records the variety of thoughts and feelings of a character without regard to corresponding events and chronological order. The writer attempts, by the stream of consciousness, to reflect all the mental thoughts of a character at a single moment. Whereas in Igby Goes Down this abnormality and no-conformity is displayed through Igbys language of the text. An examp le of stream of consciousness in The Catcher In The Rye is when Holden talks about being a Catcher in the Rye this is evident in the quote Im standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliffI mean if theyre running and they dont look where theyre going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. Thats all Id do all day. Id just be the catcher in the rye and all.. This quote demonstrates how Holden portrays himself as the protector of childhood innocence from the phoniness and hypocrisy of the adult world. This fantasy reflects his innocence, his belief in pure, uncorrupted youth, and his desire to protect that spirit; but on the other hand, it represents his extreme disconnection from reality and his naive view of the world. Holdens disconnection form society is shown through stream of consciousness but Igbys is presented through his language. Igby is forever swearing and cursing at the hypocrisy in the s ociety surrounding him. This from of rebellion is Igbys most shown non-conformist behaviour. It demonstrates to the responder that Igby is a violent child and has been disaffected. Igby does not make the most of his opportunities, he lives in a bizarre environment and is experiencing a tough emotional journey. Holden and Igby are both rebellious, non-conformist youth who express the need for individuality and companionship, a somewhat paradoxical statement. They despise materialistic values and hypocrisy. They believe that they should be the ones who will save the innocence of children from the phoniness and hypocrisy of the adult world.

#FreelancerFriday #2 - Roberta Hall, Cover Designer

#FreelancerFriday #2 - Roberta Hall, Cover Designer #FreelancerFriday #2 - Roberta Hall, Cover Designer â€Å"Each book has its own specific story, its own specific mission and language that it uses. What’s on the cover is there to draw people in but it’s also there to back up the brand itself.†Roberta Hall is our first #FreelancerFriday designer interview. Roberta is a pretty jaw-dropping designer. Here she talks through the way she researches in preparation for a project, revealing a serious, studied respect for her art as helping express the message of the book it represents. Her commitment is impressive, and she’ll likely raise your expectations for your designer significantly.Enjoy.–REEDSY Have you always freelanced?ROBERTA HALL In college, I was very ambitious; I did about four different internships, then started working for several magazines.REEDSY Do you prefer working with freelance clients?ROBERTA HALL I think so. Freelance is good because you get to work with the people you want to work with, who really have the concept you’d like to help them develop.REEDSY Do you have any preferences when you’re choosing clients?ROBERTA HALL It’s more about about the project they want to do. My design is more creative than corporate, so I wouldn’t necessarily work with corporate brands, but I would still work with a film company to develop their branding or posters. It depends on the style of the company.REEDSY As a freelancer, how do you create art that has that kind of closeness to someone else’s project?ROBERTA HALL It’s a really interesting process. You have to do a lot of research to do it well. I like to work directly with the author because I want to get their concept out there of what they think the book expresses. With a movie poster you have a lot of things going on. You have to get photos from the film, you have to really know plot lines, and know secret little things that people won’t necessarily know about until they go see the movie; they won’t notice them until later.REEDSY Like where a poster is one thing before people see the movie and another thing for people who’ve already seen it.ROBERTA HALL Yeah; it tries to make clear the mystery that you have going into the film, but it doesn’t give away details.Working with a book means you don’t necessarily have photos, so you have to do even more research. Some people like to go out and take photos of things that reflect the characters in the book, other people look at different photography sites to see if they can find elements that will best convey the story of the book itself. Sometimes authors like to choose some of the photography as well. So, it’s an interesting process in itself. For example, for one of the book covers I’ve worked on, what I was sent was the cover art and I pretty much just worked typography around the cover art to best display the message that they were going for. Other books have an abstract meaning behind them, so in that case you might want to go with an illustrational style.REEDSY When you’re trying to get this sense of the book to work with, do you just use the manuscript?ROBERTA HALL I usually talk to the author. Even though I would love to read the book, I might not get the same message out of it that the author wants the cover to convey. The whole thing about a book cover is you want it to match not only what the author wants, but also to convey the message that the author’s trying to get out there. I might not necessarily see the book the same way the author does - which is good because if everyone saw the book the same way, there wouldn’t be as much to discuss.REEDSY You called your work more creative than corporate - how do you feel about the whole question of whether book covers are art or there to do a commercial job?ROBERTA HALL It’s more of a split. Some people view book covers as art and others view it just as ‘commercial art.’ What’s so interesting about that is that the artist will know that it’s art, will be able to explain the reasoning behind it, but then you could ask a regular person and they could say it’s just a book cover, it’s commercial, but either way, it *is* art. The packaging on a lot of the things that we buy is art - but people might not see it that way because they don’t necessarily see the detail that goes into it.What’s interesting is that designers will sometimes spend hours looking through typefaces for something that conveys a strong message, and can also be elegant at the same time. Even though it’s commercial art, I really believe that a solid book cover is the same thing as a solid poster. It’s more interesting. It make someone wants to pick the book up more. It drives you to look inside and see this worl d that the art has created for the viewer.REEDSY What can authors give you to help you work on a cover?ROBERTA HALL When someone sends me a pitch I like to do research and ask questions. The more information you can get the better the design will be. So if all you tell me is that you want an elegant book cover, to me 'elegant’ might mean a script font that has some floral design on there - but that might take away from the message of the book; that book might be about the 1920’s, and that floral script might be the complete opposite. It’s really about asking as many questions up front on the design of the book. When you ask these questions, your research will be more narrowed down and you’ll be able to isolate the things that come together.REEDSY When you’re researching in preparation for a design, what does that involve?ROBERTA HALL If someone asked me to do a poster about the Civil war, where I don’t know a lot of information about it, I’ll go back and I’ll research not only images but also text, the way people wrote back then, and even the way people talked, because that can influence different styles in design. And so I’ll spend hours trying to figure out this new style that will be illustrating what the author wants to go for and, honestly, what I want to go for too. The problem is that book covers are a lot like branding; if the book cover is designed incorrectly, in a way that doesn’t match the book, then the book is branded incorrectly.REEDSY How does you understand branding as it relates to book covers?ROBERTA HALL Each book has its own specific story, its own specific mission and language that it uses. What’s on the cover is there to draw people in but it’s also there to back up the brand itself. So by 'brand’ I mean anything, even the typeface of the book.So for example, I wouldn’t design a cover for a book about bullying with a script font; it would change the meaning of the word bullying, change the meaning of the whole book itself based on that script font. If you see a script font you’re going to think that’s kind of girly, or elegant; you’re not going to think of a book that’s about a strong moral message. You need to be consistent with the author’s mission of the book, as well as the book’s plot, because if not you’re going to throw a lot of people off who would have normally picked it up.REEDSY When you’ve worked with authors do they often have a very developed idea of a brand? Or can you help them work that out?ROBERTA HALL Initially, the way people write is also part of the brand, so I just try to give a visual image to that. I try to help them to define things that they’ve already said. The way we say things can often have visual imagery behind it. As a designer, working with images, it’s easier for us to see it than it is for a writer who spends most of their time working with words.REEDSY So once you’ve done progress with your research, what comes next?ROBERTA HALL After I’ve done research I put together mood boards, which could be anything from different fonts and different colours along with the different styles of fonts and the different photos that work together to emphasise the book’s message. Then you decide if it’s going to have a photo or an illustration. You work on that before you bring in the typography. The typography, even though it should be thought of continuously throughout, won’t be brought in until after the image has been developed. So the whole process goes through the different stages of design.A really good book cover, if you look at the image - if it has one, because sometimes the cover is made up just of words - if you look at the image and it emphasises the meaning without having any typography, you’re a step closer to having a finished book cover.REEDSY And so this brings you to this one, final version of a cover?ROBERTA HALL Often it’s more like drafts. What’s always interesting about design is that when designers are working they make mistakes, but it can end up actually working for them. Like, they’ll use the picture in a way they didn’t mean to, but it works better than their original plan. It’s like playing with the images, even when you had your original concept, it might not necessarily come out the way you want to. You keep working with it and you also keep working with different drafts and different ideas as well.Usually you want to come up with around four or five different ideas just for one book cover. One of your drafts or designs might show one aspect of the book, and another design completely different aspect. You’re trying to mould those together. You come up with multiple different ways of visually saying the same thing. They probably have similar colours and imagery, but one might split up the image to make it seem stronger, while the other could be softer. They could both have the same typography and the same feel, but be put together completely differently.After you have the initial image of how you want the book cover to look, you also have to back it up with the typography. For example if your design has a lot of movement in it you might choose one with colours you’ve already used. It’s better to use fewer colours than it is to overstimulate someone when they’re looking at the book cover. So if I’ve used red in the imagery, I’ll try to use red in the typography; if it’s a flowy book cover where there’s a lot of movement, I’m going to want my typography to have a lot of movement as well, to back up the message that’s already been stated with the image itself. The typography and the visual image have to interact a lot together. The way one image works with the typography is different to how another image works with the typography as well, so you’re goin g through all these different typefaces to find one that really works with the message and the brand of the book.REEDSY Are there projects you won’t take on? Any genres, maybe?ROBERTA HALL I like to know a lot about the book. The bottom line is if I don’t find the book interesting, I’m not going to design it in an interesting way. If I’m interested and passionate about the book itself, I’ll do everything possible to have that brand be shown through visually.But I don’t have any preferences about genre. I believe that each book has its own story, and each book brings something new to the story. If I said no to all romance books, I could be turning down a lot of interesting projects. If I say no to a whole bunch of science-fiction books I’d be shoving a lot of projects away when I might actually be interested and the designs would be really good. So as far as different genres of books, I like to keep an open mind. I’d rather not limit myself.What you have to do as a designer, when you’re working with any project, is look at new images and new inspirations. Often I’m on Pinterest and I’ll see new ways t o use different mages and different designs and things that’ll push me. If a designer is kept to themselves for a long time, they’ll start repeating the same steps without realising it. They’ll keep designing similar styles when they should be pushing harder, be researching more, be looking at different designs and and architecture and the outside environment, looking around the world to get more inspiration to really push it a little bit further. Each time it’s a challenge, and you want it to be a challenge. If it’s easy you’re not pushing yourself hard enough. You could have made that book cover, that you thought was easy, better. You can make everything better.

Investigation into the effect of Concentration on Rate of Reaction Essay Example

Investigation into the effect of Concentration on Rate of Reaction   Essay Example Investigation into the effect of Concentration on Rate of Reaction   Essay Investigation into the effect of Concentration on Rate of Reaction   Essay In this experiment, my aim is to investigate the rate of reaction time it takes for me to get 15ml of CO2 from reacting different amounts of hydrochloric acid with marble chips. I will be investigating the time differences with different amounts of acid and water.I will be collecting 15ml of CO2. I have planned a fair and safe test because without a fair test, I would get inaccurate results which would make the experiment pointless. Safety is a big factor in experiments and I will ensure I behave sensibly and wear safety glasses to protect from any spills with the acid.I will change the acid/water 4 times so I will end up with 5 results for each test.I will need the following equipment:-1) Conical Flask2) Delivery tube + Bung3) 2 measuring Cylinders4) 1 basin half full of water5) Stop Clock6) Hydrochloric Acid7) Marble chips8) Water and acidThis is the word and chemical equation for my experimentCalcium Carbonate + Hydrochloric Acid Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon DioxideCaCO3 + H cl CaCl2 + H20 + CO2(Solid) (Aq) (Aq) (Liquid) (Gas)In my experiment, I am dealing with concentration which means the stronger the acid, the quicker the reaction. I can now predict that the quickest test will be when there is 50ml of acid and 0ml of water.I will be keeping these factors the same:-1) Amount of marble chips (5g)2) Combined amount of acid and water (50ml). (However the ratio if these 2 will change)3) Size of marble chips4) Temperature of acid (30oC)5) Same size conical flask6) Volume of gas to be collected (15ml of CO2)I will change this factor:-1) Acid content in the 50ml (I will change this 4 times)When the marble chips react with the hydrochloric acid it gives off CO2 up the measuring cylinder. I start timing when the acid is added with the marble chips and when I have collected 15ml of CO2, I stop the clock.I predict that the more Hydrochloric Acid present, the quicker the rate of reaction. I base this prediction on the collision theory because from that, I know t hat the more concentrated the acid, the more molecules present hence the more collisions. This in turn will increase the Activation Energy Level which causes more reactions and all this will ultimately result in a quicker reaction. My trial run and common scientific knowledge helped me make this prediction.I will make 6 measurements will the following acid/water concentrations.0/50 10/40 20/30 30/20 40/10 50/0For the first ratio for example, I will be using 50ml of acid and 0ml of water.1I will try to ensure my experiment goes to plan and that I have no problems or accidents. I will try to stop the clock exactly when it reaches 15ml of CO2. I will try and use marble chips that are of the same size and shape. This is vital because a bigger piece with a different shape may have a bigger surface area which means it will react quicker. Therefore, I will have to be consistent in choosing marble chips which are identical throughout the experimentIF my results do not match my prediction wh ich, is backed up with scientific knowledge, I will share results with others to see where I may have gone wrong. I will repeat the experiment once and then use both sets of results for averages.Before I started my experiment, I did a practice run to get a feel of what I would be doing in my real experiment. I found that the more acid present, the quicker the reaction. This has helped me to plan my prediction because I now know what to expect for the final outcome.ObtainingI performed a safe test with no problems or accidents occurring. I collected 2 sets of results which I put into a table.I tested 6 different concentrations and I have 2 results for each concentration.Here are my results for the 6 different concentrations:-Water/Acid0/50ml10/40ml20/30ml30/20ml40/10ml50/0ml18 seconds36 seconds52 seconds66 seconds77 seconds99 seconds22 seconds34 seconds59 seconds70 seconds80 seconds102 seconds20 seconds35 seconds55.5 seconds68 seconds78.5 seconds100.5secondsThe first row represents t he water/acid measurements.The second row represents the 1st set of results.The third row represents the 2nd set of results.The fourth row represents the averages taken from both sets.The time is measured in seconds.The measurements are taken in ml.I repeated this experiment once to get 2 sets of accurate results. However, I noticed that both sets are very similar which shows the accuracy I took with the experiment. They also back up my prediction so I feel no need to share any results with other people. I made sure I used the exact same amount of acid each time. I also made sure that I used the same size (5g) and shape marble chip for the reasons I said above I my planning. However, I realise that I cannot exactly get 5g but I made sure I got as close as possible.AnalysingIn my experiment, I have found that the reaction is quicker when there was 50ml of acid and 0ml of water which backs my prediction up perfectly.I made 3 graphs with the results I recorded and on my graphs; you can see that as the water increases, so does the time. This is apparent in all 3 graphs and it means that as I add more water, the rate of reaction is slower because I am taking HCL molecules away which slows the rate of reaction down. This fits in with my prediction and the collision theory because I have more acid molecules to react with meaning the reaction will be quicker.From scientific knowledge and my results then, I conclude then that the more acid present in the acid/water ratio, the quicker the rate of reaction.Here are the 3 graphs, 1st set, 2nd set and 3rd set (averages)EvaluatingI think that the investigation was a success because I have received accurate results without any accidents or mistakes. My results fitted in with what I expected to happen which was obviously helped with my trial run at the start. I believe the evidence I collected was accurate and as best as I could. As I stated before, there were no results that stood out in my tables which show my accuracy in t his experiment. I believe my careful and planned method was responsible for these accurate results and I think I have investigated the question quite well. However, if I had the chance, I would have maybe added more results to my method, i.e. maybe seeing how long it would take with 80ml, 100ml and even 150ml of acid. In doing this, it would have given me a wider set of results but I believe my 5 separate results were sufficient to support my prediction.I think my results support my conclusion because they both state that as I add more acid, the rate of reaction quickens. My results are reliable and I received no anomalous results. I believe this reflects on the effort I put into the investigation. One interesting thing that I noticed was that as the reaction started Hydrochloric Acid near the chips would have been depleting which means that the concentration of the acid around the chips would be less than average. One way of solving this would be to constantly stir the acid around covering the chip with new acid all the time.

Domino's Pizza Media Crisis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Domino's Pizza Media Crisis - Research Paper Example The women holding the camera spoke the following vulgar words while filming the video: â€Å"We all have our secret ingredient....and in about five minutes they will be sent out on delivery where somebody will be eating these. Yes, eating em. And little did they know that cheese was in his nose and that there was some lethal gas that ended up on their salami. Now, that’s how we roll at Domino’s.† (Actual words of Kristie Hammonds). (Jacques 2009). What made matters worse was that both employees, the female holding the camera and the man performing various disgusting acts of contamination with the food, were in Domino’s uniform. The video was shot during working hours and the female employee repeatedly claimed that the contaminated food would soon reach innocent, unsuspecting customers. There were a total of five videos uploaded on YouTube by Kristie Hammond and they went viral within the span of a few minutes. One of the video was of 2.26 minutes duration and was named Domino’s Pizzas Special Ingredients, and showed Michael Setzer passing gas on salami and sticking pieces of cheese up his nose before inserting them into a sandwich. Meanwhile, Kristie joked consistently and claimed that food contamination occurs daily at Domino’s. The other videos were titled Sneeze Sticks, Poopie Dishes and Domino’s Pizza Burger. One of the videos also showed the name of the customer to which Kristie narrates, that the contaminated food would be delivered to. Later, the employees stated that the videos were a prank and none of the food they delivered was actually tempered with. However, the damage was done and the video was much talked about and many online conversations on Facebook and Twitter made it the foci of their attention and this was the primary reason why the issue became a social media crisis. By April 15, the first page offered on Google search for ‘Dominos’ contained at least five out of twelve reference s of the food tampering video on YouTube. (Jacques 2009). Objectives: For the first 24 hours, Domino’s executives did nothing in the hope that the issue would resolve by itself. However, when this did not happen, the executives were forced into action. The first objective in reversing the damage done to their Company was the identification and the subsequent dismissing of the two employees, Kristie Hammonds and Michael Setzer. The second objective was to contact the local authorities and issue a warrant for their arrest. The third objective was the removal of the food tampering video from YouTube and to contact the consumerist and goodasyou.org, two popular blog sites. The fourth objective was to call the local health department for the inspection of N.C. Domino’s store, where the video was filmed. The fifth objective was the issuance of a formal press release and the creation of an account on Twitter to issue responses to online conversations and to dedicate time in r eassuring customers about the fact that this was an isolated incidence and strict safety and cleanliness measures were followed at all Domino’s stores. The sixth objective was to launch an apology video on YouTube featuring the President of Domino’s. (Jaffe 2010). Programming: On 13 April, Domino’s headquarters was alerted for the first time about the disturbing videos posted on YouTube. The first person at Domino’s to learn about the videos on was the company’

The Gang Resistance Education And Training Research Paper

The Gang Resistance Education And Training - Research Paper Example Through the above survey, the gang members were found to be 774,000 while active gangs were estimated to 27,900 (Crime in America 2010). The need for the intervention of the State for confronting the expansion of crime in USA has become emergent. The Gang Resistance Education and Training Program (G.R.E.A.T) has been introduced for helping towards the control of ‘delinquency, youth violence, and gang membership for children’ (G.R.E.A.T 2012). In order to be more effective, the program has developed a series of partnerships with organizations at state levels, so that the parts of the program used in each state are aligned with the local ethics and social rules (G.R.E.A.T 2012). In this way, the terms of the program are easier understood. Moreover, such approach urges local people to participate in the program’s realization and monitoring; local support has been proved vital to the success of the program (Peterson et al. 2012). The potentials of US authorities to promote such programs are established in Title 42 of the US Code. According to the relevant article (section 13921), the Attorney General is given the order to establish ‘not less than 50 Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) projects’ (section 13921, title 42, US Code). The funding of each one of these projects is defined at $800,000, as a minimum (section 13921, title 42, US Code). It is clear that the specific program reflects the willingness of the US government to control the expansion of crimes across the country. It has been considered that focusing on prevention rather than on the punishment of crime would be a more effective approach to achieve the above target, a target that seems to have been achieved if taking into consideration the figures related to the program’s performance. The G.R.E.A.T program is school-based, focusing on learning in regard to the potential effects of violence and criminal behavior (G.R.E.A.T program 2012). In the context of

Common Assessment Framework In Childrens Services

Common Assessment Framework In Childrens Services Why was the Common Assessment Framework introduced in Childrens Services, what does it attempt to achieve and how successful is it in doing this? This essay will discuss why Common Assessment Framework was introduced to Childrens Services, what it attempts to achieve and whether or not it has been successful, the concept behind it and briefly, the difficulties in working with other health professionals to get the Common Assessment Framework to do what it was set out to do. The Every Child Matters Green Paper proposed the introduction of a Common Assessment Framework (CAF) as a central element of the strategy for helping children, young people and their families. (DfES 2004) Common Assessment Framework is a standard assessment tool to be used by all professionals working with children for assessments and referral (British Journal of Social Work (2009). The reform agenda in Childrens Service was catalysed by the public inquiry into the death of Victoria Climbie (Laming 2003), an eight year old West African girl who was abused and murdered in the UK in 2000 as a result of extreme cruelty and neglect by her great-aunt and the her partner, who were her guardians. An inquiry into the death of Victoria Climbie (Laming 2003) exposed a failure to put in place the necessary basic procedures to protect her. Factors identified included lack of early intervention, poor co-ordination, failure to share information and the absence of anyone with a strong sense of accountability. As a result, the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) was one of the measures introduced under the changes in child protection policies and the green paper, Every Child Matters (2003) therefore was introduced to set out proposals for major changes in childrens programmes to allow every child, whatever their background or their circumstances, to have the needed support towards the achievement of a better outcome in the following key areas: being healthy, staying safe, enjoying and achieving making a positive contribution and achieving economic well-being (DoH 2003) The design, in conjunction with the lead professional and better information sharing policies and procedures; to change the method by which services are delivered, moving the focus from dealing with the consequence of difficulties in childrens lives, towards a more proactive preventative and precautionary measure. CAF is intended to be used for children who have additional needs which may not be complex or severe enough to require statutory intervention. It is for use in situations where there are concerns with how a child is progressing in any way (raised by the child, a parent or a professional), the childs needs are unclear, the childs needs are broader than a professionals own service can address or where it is thought that CAF would help to identify the childs needs. The draft Common Assessment Framework was developed in late 2004 with its revised version published in 2005. CAF is a new, more standardised approach for assessing the needs of children for service and deciding how those needs should be addressed and met. It is meant for children with additional needs; that is, children at risk of poor outcomes (DfES, 2005b,p1). CAF is designed to be evidence-based , focusing on needs and strengths, rather than concerns as seen in the British Journal of social work (2009) 39, 1197-1217. The three stated aims of CAF are to support earlier intervention, improve multi-agency working by, for example embedding a common language of assessment; reduce bureaucracy for families (DfES, 2005b, p1.) CAF is not meant to replace many other assessment schedules used in the various agencies, such as the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families documentation, but the government would like the CAF to represent the main assessment tool to support inter-agency referral and multi-agency working (DfES, 2005b, p 2). Common Assessment Framework (CAF) is one of the contributing elements to the following both of which are outlined in the Childrens Act 2004, the delivery of integrated services the support inter-agency co-operation; and the safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children and young people. [emailprotected] How are children services organised? What is the key legislation that governs children and childrens services, The aim of Every Child Matters is to have a few agencies working together bearing in mind their professional boundaries to liaise and support children from 0 to 19, using a simple language to meet the needs of these children. It came up with the Integrated Childrens System (ICS), the Contact Point and the Common Assessment Framework (CAF), they all have different systems and style of working but have one common goal which is to improve the well being and to safeguard and promote the welfare of children and young people. When a child is seen as suffered neglect, abuse or has any server difficulty or being looked after under the Childrens Act 1989, their needs are assessed using the Framework for Assessment of Children in Need and their families. The Integrated Child System (ICS) is used at this stage, this is done by putting information together step by step and recording information about both the child and family, where a thorough assessment is required an in depth information is needed at this stage and must be gathered in a way that can set as the basis for decision making and can be used for different purposes. ICS is supported by information technology and its the basis of the electronic social care record for children. The IT system is also known as ISC. Contact Point is a fast method to find out who else is working with a particular service user, making it a lighter way to liaise and support, it is a major tool Every Child Matters uses to deliver a better service to Children and young people, having said that Contact Point only holds a little information about a child, parent, practitioners providing services to the child and carers until their 18th birthday, except for exceptional cases for example children with mental health and sexual health problems where their details are still held under sever security. Common Assessment Framework on the other hand comes in as soon as assessment is needed at the very early stage and deciding what action to take. It gives practitioners the chance to put together and record information about a child or young person with additional needs in an orderly, straight forward and simple. Work start from then and practitioners begin to look out for the needs and what should be done and its dealt with. CAF makes practitioners across all agencies, after the required training to go according to the procedures to achieve a dependable assessment that can be used by everyone dealing with the case. The national IT system to support CAF will be deve loped. (eCAF). This will help authorised practitioners to electronically create, share and store CAF within the agencies. Unlike Contact Point CAF only holds the information about some young people and children, with consent, and for a limited period of time. Both Contact Point and CAF were created to for use within childrens services, their goal is to help children with additional needs get the help and support they need, its a tool to make easy early intervention and help deal with additional needs before they get out of control and become more difficult to resolve. CAF and ICS has a common method to assessment, they both have a common way of collecting data about a child or young person around the domains of developmental needs of a child; parent capacity; and family and environmental factors. CAF and ICS are supported by technology where as Contact Point is a basically technology solution www.evertchildmatters.gov.uk Why was CAF introduced and whats its aim The green paper, Every Child Matters, proposed the introduction of a national Common Assessment Framework (CAF) as an important part of a strategy for helping children and young people to achieve the five priority outcomes of: being healthy: enjoying good physical and mental health and living a healthy lifestyle; staying safe: being protected from harm and neglect; enjoying and achieving : getting the most out of life and developing the skills for adulthood; making a positive contribution: being involved with the community and society and not engaging in anti-social or offending behaviour; economic well-being: not being prevented by economic disadvantage from achieving their full potential in life. The Common Assessment Framework (CAF) was decided upon based on the five basic keys. By the help of a lead professional and better information shearing procedure CAF was designed from the concerns that the existing procedures for identifying and responding to the needs of children who are not achieving the five outcomes identified in Every Child Matters do not work as effectively as they were meant to, to bring a better way of how services could be delivered, due to the fact that services have in the past been delivered based on dealing with the consequences of difficulties in childrens lives to preventing things from taking the wrong route from the start. Its main focus is to attain to the fact that every child gets the five keys. It is also created to help assessing children with additional needs which are not too complex or sever as to demand external intervention such as statutory intervention. CAFs aim is to give a method of assessment to give support to early intervention, to help decide what needs to be done at an early stage rather than later, its to provide good and a lot more evidence based referral to targeted and specialist services. CAF is created to enhance on joint working and communication between practitioners in a common language of assessment and views and as to how it could be resolved, it was also designed to improve the coordination and consistency around assessments leading to fewer and shorter specialist assessments. CAF was designed to help to decide whether other specialist assessments are needed and if so provide information to help get it done. It was to give a clear picture of a child or young persons needs to be built up over time and with the right consent shared among professionals. Has CAF achieved its aim?(positives and negatives) Through CAF some practitioner began to accept sheared responsibility for children and young people with additional needs. Apart from having to get parents consent to be part of the assessment procedure some practitioners and managers are in view that in conjunction with other services CAF has a lot more prospects in support to early intervention mostly universal services. Some also had doubt as to whether there was enough funds to meet the problems raised and the requirement of CAF. It is apparent that CAF has had mixed responses. One estimation of path-finding authorities revealed that practitioners and managers believed it has enabled a more rigorous follow-through of service delivery, promotion of better multi-agency working and were optimistic that it would eventually pull down thresholds for service receipt (Brandon et al., 2006). The introduction of CAF like everything has its strengths which in general gives a positive view seen by all, however, others have expressed their concerns about its been too formal to some organizations as descriptive tyranny, restricting the narrative making sense of the situation; the difficulties of various professionals and practitioners with other skills and expectations completing CAF differently or partially in the assessment process (Garrett, 2008; Gilligan and Manby, 2008; White et al, 2008). CAF in the East Riding for example is exclusively aimed as a minimal level involvement which will help use universal services to m anage early problems and deject wrong referrals to Social Care. The major intentional level for engagement agencies with the CAF has broader responsibility than CAF alone, covering all included services provision. The different agencies involved is broad, but some agencies are less active in attending meetings and buy in, in terms of resource input is limited. However, there some problems which lessen the positive involvement, and makes CAF less effective, these include less involvement of some agencies in terms of resources input. Practitioners were of view that CAF was not reducing the need foe reassessment, giving examples of some parents forced to repeat their stories during reassessments, I can understand sometimes practitioners would just want to be sure that things have not changed since the last assessment, but the public is of the view that CAF always has the updated information at any time needed, but for luck of training and human error we find out that CAF still is not d oing what it was set out. As well as distracting story-telling way of writing reports, the CAF writers often found that the boxes did not help them adequately to characterize the child and parents. The format of the CAF was opposed by some professionals and practitioners working with it.. Only some professionals used the language of need, whereas over 80 per cent talked about challenges. In addition to the descriptive demands, CAF forms also make CAF doesnt tell a story it feels like school exams, multiple choice, you can tick the boxes with the right answer, but it really doesnt give you er the er à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.The story. It is about narrative isnt it. Its about peoples lives. It isnt about um dividing a life up into a lot of small boxes. And when you put all those boxes together it will be EQUAL to the narrative As seen in (BJofSW 2009 39, 1197-1217) Sure start worker said I prefer a blank sheet of paper to express by thoughts ibid.. Upon a period of over a decades work in human services organizations, Gubrium et al describe what they call the descriptive tyrannies of people forms, forms used in one way or the other to describe and categorize people coming to the attention of human service professionals, hence, for Gubrium et al, the relations of form completion to human activity is two-fold. They are concerned with what sorts of descriptions the forms invite or the reportorial expectations assumed to underlie acceptance organizational description (Gubirum et al, 1989, p 197). What may be the rational, moral and artful capacities of form-completers? That is, what wiggle room (Erickson, 2004, p, 20) do they have with these descriptive demands? (Oxford University press 2008). Gubrium et al argue that, completed forms like any mode of description, have transformative effects. They do not simply describe events as they occurred in real time. For example they may contain mutually exclusive categorizations, which deman ds that the form-computer suspend disbelief that only one category can apply at any one time, bearing in mind that CAF is designed to have evidence-based , focused on needs and strengths, rather than concerns. Professionals are encouraged to evaluate strengths, needs, actions and solutions for children across three domains derived from the framework for Assessment of Children in Need and their Families (DoH 2000). Please ignore the recommendation below still have that to do I have it written down will type it out tomorrow, Im working in the dark because my landlady forgot to get some electricity and my eyes are hurting now. My lecture ends at 11 so will finish it all with the Ref.. Recommendation and conclusion It is clear to me that the purpose of the CAF and its work load is to ensure that professionals attend to, and record information deemed most relevant to their primary activities as distinct at this historical moment. The CAF is also an over view presented as a complete professional judgement. However, I have shown above that the demands of the form cause information to be ordered in preferred ways, which can be unintelligible. I have talked about the fact that CAF constrains professional practice in particular ways, it is indeed designed to exert its own rigid demands, which can feel harsh to the one person completing the form. CAF in particular relies on the assumption that it can foster uniform professional application and an ordinary (White, Hall and Peckover, 2009). Laming (2009) still recommended that we need to involve more agencies to make the workload easier and effective and said the use of Common Assessment Framework CAF needs to be further promoted with Agencies. To achieve the reason it was introduced practitioners and everyone involved in using CAF must be fully aware of what its all about and must be fully trained to know the pros and cons of what CAF wants to achieve, other Agencies working in line with CAF must also keep their systems and information updated to suit the needs of the children and young people who might need this service to also live the lives they deserve. Parents and the general public must be fully aware of what CAF is hoping to achieve in that way they dont feel pressured if they are called upon to give their approval before an assessment is carried out for their children.

Insightful feedback Essay

Your money or your data; Ransomware With hackers running rampant today, more demands are given by them, now with old-fashioned ransoms. Computer users are now faced with a virus called â€Å"ransomware†, which gives users an option of either giving up their data or retrieving it with a fee. Ransomware isn’t likely to go away anytime soon, as new options of exchanging money are now on the internet, from companies such as bitcoin and Paypal, criminals might find them a haven to go to, as there can be anonymity and use of digital currency. Additionally, its programmers are always ahead since they are constantly modifying their code, which keeps them in an advantageous position, and unfortunately, not all their victims get a fair share, many have gotten a broken promise to ransomware’s demands. While this problem will persist, web-users must protect themselves with the best possible solutions to the attack of ransomware’s programmers. Feedback: Never start a sentence with â€Å"With†. Your message appears unclear, it need adjustments. Instead of saying: â€Å"†¦which gives users an option of either giving up their data or retrieving it with a fee.† You can say: Users are deceived into downloading a malicious software that hijacks storage files in their drive(s); prompting the hijacker(s) to demand a ransom before said files are released. Always create multiple drafts before arriving at a conclusion. Start Wilth a long version then refine it. Do it over and over again, until it sounds like something a reporter will say. Read it aloud! If you pause, put a comma. If you run out of breath. put a full stop. Again, always create more than one draft, then refine it until there’s nothing left to add.

Capstone Project Paper: Hernando County Essay

Hernando County is located in the Tampa Bay area and is surrounded by the Gulf of Mexico to its West, Pasco County to its South, Sumter County to its East, and Citrus County to its North. Hernando County has a population of 172,778 people (Hernando County Profile, 2012). According to Justia. com Hernando County is about seventy-six percent urban setting and the rest rural non-farming. The size of Hernando County is 53,927 square miles (County Information, 2012). The three major private sector employers are Wal-Mart Distribution Center, Oak Hill Hospital, and Spring Hill and Brooksville Regional Hospitals. Oak Hill Hospital, Spring Hill Regional Hospital, and Brooksville Regional are the major health care systems in the county (Hernando County Profile, 2012). The age group range of forty- five to sixty- four years old comprises the largest percentage of residents in Hernando County (Florida Charts, 2012). Five percent of the population is black people, and ninety- three percent is white people (Florida Charts, 2012). Nine percent is Hispanic, while ninety- one percent is non-Hispanic (Florida Charts, 2012). Twelve percent of families in Hernando County and fourteen percent of families in Florida are below the poverty level (Florida Charts, 2012). Eighty- six percent of the population in Hernando County greater than age twenty- five have a high school diploma. Eighty- five percent of the population in Florida greater than age twenty- five have a high school diploma (Florida Charts, 2012). Two percent of the population greater than age five in Hernando County do not speak English, and seven percent of the population greater than age five in Florida do not speak English (Florida Charts, 2012). Overview of Healthy People 2020 â€Å"Healthy People 2020 provides science-based, 10-year national objectives for improving the health of all Americans (Healthy People 2020, 2012, p. 2). † The United States Department of Health and Human Services manages the site. Healthy People 2020 was developed to improve the nation’s health among all socioeconomic groups by monitoring the effects of prevention methods, educating people on healthy lifestyle decisions, promoting healthy environments, and establishing what research should be conducted. The goals of Healthy People 2020 include: Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages. (Healthy People 2020, 2012) The Leading Health Indicators come from the list of Healthy People 2020 objectives. The Leading Health Indicators of Healthy People 2020 are the issues of our nation’s health given the greatest priority in resolving (Healthy People 2020, 2012). The Leading Health Indicators were made to communicate high- priority health concerns and measures that can be taken to deal with them. According to Healthy People 2020, â€Å"The indicators will be used to assess the health of the Nation, facilitate collaboration across sectors, and motivate action at the national, State, and community levels to improve the health of the U.  S. population† (Healthy People 2020, 2012, p. 7). The Leading Health Indicators of Healthy People 2020 are the issues of our nation’s health given the greatest priority in resolving. They include the following: access to health services; clinical preventive services; environmental quality; injury and violence; maternal, infant, and child health; mental health; nutrition, physical activity, and obesity; oral health; reproductive and sexual health; social determinants; substance abuse; and tobacco (Healthy People 2020, 2012). Healthy People 2020 suggests that organizations who are working towards making the goals a reality, submit their LHI success stories to the Healthy People 2020 website so that Healthy People 2020 can use them to their benefit. These stories can give other people and organizations hope for success to attain their own goals. Furthermore, Healthy People 2020 proposes to MAP-IT in order to implement indicators in a community or population. The MAP-IT strategy can be used in any community to ultimately achieve Healthy People 2020 goals. One must mobilize supporters, assess the needs of the community, plan how to address these needs, implement the plan, and track the progress (Healthy People 2020, 2012). Analysis of Strengths and Needs The three leading health indicators of strength for Hernando County are maternal, infant, and child health; nutrition, physical activity, and obesity; and tobacco (Indicators for county: Hernando, 2012). For maternal, infant, and child health, Hernando County is in the first quartile (most favorable) for early prenatal care (care began first trimester), infant death rate, and neonatal death rate. Hernando County is also better than the state of Florida by having less premature births, births to teens fifteen to nineteen years old, and repeat births to mothers fifteen to nineteen years old and a lower post neonatal death rate. Regarding nutrition, physical activity, and obesity, Hernando County beats the Healthy People 2020 goals of thirty- three percent of the adult population engaging in no leisure-time physical activity with a percentage of twenty- seven percent and thirty- one percent of the adult population being obese (Indicators for county: Hernando, 2012). Concerning tobacco, Hernando County is in the first quartile (most favorable) for the percentage of adults who are current smokers (Florida Charts, 2012). The three leading health indicators of need in Hernando County are injury and violence, social determinants, and oral health (Indicators for county: Hernando, 2012). In regards to social determinants, Hernando County is in the fourth quartile (least favorable) for unemployment rate and is in the third quartile for median income (in dollars) (Florida Charts, 2012). Unemployment rate is a social determinant as it describes the conditions that the community is living in. For injury and violence, Hernando County is in the fourth quartile (least favorable) for unintentional injuries age-adjusted death rate and for suicide age-adjusted death rate. Additionally, Hernando County is in the third quartile for motor vehicle crash age-adjusted death rate and for domestic violence offenses (Florida Charts, 2012). There is a need to lower the injury and violence rate in the county because as compared to the state of Florida, Hernando is one of the most violent counties in Florida (Florida Charts, 2012). In concern of oral health, Hernando County is in the fourth quartile (least favorable) for adults who had a permanent tooth removed because of tooth decay or gum disease (Florida Charts, 2012). Oral health is designated as the priority health indicator. Oral health care is extremely important because people need to prevent infections of the mouth, cavities that cause pain, and cancer. But the primary concern is periodontal disease and how it can lead to more severe diseases. Such diseases caused by periodontal disease range from diabetes to heart disease. Previously stated, Hernando County is in the fourth quartile (least favorable) for adults who had a permanent tooth removed because of tooth decay or gum disease (Florida Charts, 2012). Community Health Models Determinants of Health â€Å"are broad categories of factors that influence health and illness† (Clark, 2008, p. 66). The Determinants-of-Health Model is a combination of other models such as the producing health, consuming health care model and the mandala model. The Determinants-of-Health Model can help the Community Health Nurse develop interventions that address a population based health concern because it has different categorical determinants with topics imbedded in each determinant. The Community Health Nurse could use this model to figure out which determinant is applicable for a certain health issue and use the model to narrow down topics for immediate intervention (Clark, 2008). Human biology, the health system, environment, and lifestyle are factors that can contribute to oral health and are part of the Determinants-of-Health-Model (Clark, 2008). Human biology, like one’s gender, can predispose a person to a certain quality of oral health. A study done in South Asia revealed that women were more likely to get dental caries than men due to genetic and hormonal factors (Lukacs, 2011). The utilization part of the health system also plays a role in oral health, which is shown in research done by the National Survey of Children’s Health 2007. This research showed that children with poor oral health care are more likely to utilize dental health services when they are young, but less likely to go to the dentist when they are older than those that with adequate oral health (Bell, Huebner, & Reed, 2007). Furthermore a study in Australia proves that the addition of fluoride to public water, which is a part of built environment and the environmental determinants, has a positive correlation with the quality of oral health (Armfield, 2010). The lifestyle choice of smoking significantly lessens oral health quality, as confirmed by a study performed in Croatia (Zajc, I. , Brajdic, D. , Biocic, J. , Bosan-Kilibarda, I. , Kopic, V. , Siber, S. , & Macan, D. , 2011). Population Diagnosis The population diagnosis for the priority health issue of oral health is that large adult population in Hernando County is at risk of oral health degradation related to lack of knowledge in proper dental care, evidenced by: (a) Hernando County is in the fourth quartile (least favorable) for adults who had a permanent tooth removed because of tooth decay or gum disease, (b) Hernando county is in the second quartile for adults who had their teeth cleaned in the past year, and (c) Hernando County is in the second quartile for adults who visited a dentist or a dental clinic in the past year (Florida Charts, 2012). The Interventions Wheel The Interventions Wheel â€Å"consists of 17 identified community health nursing interventions that cross over three levels of population-based practice: individual-focused, community-focused, and systems-focused practice† (Clark, 2008, p. 75). The Intervention Wheel is supposed to integrate the idea of determinants of health as all factors that affect health, not just disease or health-related behaviors. The authors of the model also indicate that the model â€Å"emphasizes health promotion and illness prevention† (Clark, 2008, p. 7). To apply the Interventions Wheel to the previously mentioned population diagnosis, the community-focused intervention of social marketing could be utilized. By using social marketing, the county could write a grant to fund a media campaign to spread the word about the importance of dental care (Clark, 2008). Levels of Prevention â€Å"Nursing interventions for identified health needs in the population are planned within the dimensions of health care. The dimensions of health care derive from the public health concepts of levels of prevention and include primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention† (Clark, 2008 p. 72) If you perform an intervention that is designed to prevent a health issue from happening, then it is primary prevention. For instance, â€Å"Immunization is a protective measure for communicable diseases† (Clark, 2008, p. 73). If the intervention is supposed to fix an existing issue, it is secondary prevention. This prevention includes â€Å"screening and early diagnosis as well as treatment for existing health problems† (Clark, 2008, p. 73). When a performed intervention is designed to prevent long-term consequences of a former problem, it is a tertiary prevention. An example of a tertiary prevention would be â€Å"exercise after a broken leg†¦ to prevent muscle atrophy and contractures† (Clark, 2008, p. 73). All three of the preventions mentioned apply to the priority health issue of oral health. For instance, a primary prevention would be going to the dentist routinely for cleaning to prevent cavities and disease of the mouth. A secondary prevention would be to use fluoride after the dentist identifies the degradation of tooth enamel. A tertiary prevention would be the use of a mouth guard after a hockey player lost their tooth and got it replaced by the dentist. Evidence Based Interventions For the primary level of prevention, a community-focused intervention could be utilized in support of the priority health issue of oral health. Health teaching could be done by working at local festivals and fairs promoting a teeth cleaning campaign. The campaign would be funded by local legislators in the county. The community health nurse could have a booth set-up at these local festivals and fairs teaching the community about the importance of oral health care. An article in the International Journal of Cardiology 2011 says that oral health promotion activities seem to produce improvements in periodontal health (Lam, O. , Zhang, W. , Samaranayake, L. , Li, L. , McGrath, C. , 2011). For the secondary level of prevention, a system-focused intervention could be used in support of the population diagnosis previously mentioned. By working with local health care providers to develop systems for screening, follow-up appointments, and treatment for cavities and gum disease, the rates of tooth loss in Hernando County could be lowered. The community health nurse would meet with other health care providers and help make these services available. An article in the American Journal for Public Health 2011 states that the dental practice is responsible for screening for disease in both oral and general health (Lamster & Eaves, 2011). For the tertiary level of prevention, an individual-focused intervention could be employed in support of oral health. By working with local health care providers, the community health nurse could establish follow-up care for patients with gum disease. Compliance of the patient could be monitored by seeing how many follow-up appointments the patient attends out of the suggested amount of appointments scheduled by the dentist. The dentist could monitor the treatment effects with subsequent visits by the patient. The patient could be educated on how to better his oral health care to prevent further negative impact and the spread of the disease. According to the Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2010, people that take better care of their teeth have a greater likelihood of showing up for follow-up care (Kakudate, N. , Morita, M. , Yamazaki, S. , Fukuhara, S. , Sugai, M. , Nagayama, M. , Kawanami, M. , & Chiba, I. , 2010). Conclusion Health policy plays a direct role on the health care received by patients. Health policy develops protocols on what procedures should be performed for certain situations. The health policy proposal is a secondary level prevention with a system-focused approach. The health policy proposal is that people who have been diagnosed with gum disease should seek follow-up care during the next two years to prevent tooth loss. â€Å"Dental care is necessary to prevent and treat orofacial disease, infection, and pain, as well as restore form and function of dentition† (Policy on medically necessary care, 2011, p. 20). The health policy proposal will decrease the number adults who had a permanent tooth removed because of tooth decay or gum disease in Hernando County.